Identifies the possible situations in which copper tube or pipe may be subject to external corrosion underground. Identifies measures to prevent such attack. Reprint, AWWA Journal, August 1984.

Examines the influence of water chemistry on cold-water pitting of copper tube. Explains how this low-incidence problem can be mitigated by simply raising the water’s pH and lowering free carbon dioxide to acceptable levels. Reprint, Materials Performance, October 1995.

Study results of 10- to 70-year underground copper water service lines throughout Billings, Montana, show copper has excellent resistance to indigenous soils and water. Reprint, Materials Performance, March 1995.

Two articles reprinted from Materials Performance, August 1993. The first tells how to avoid pitting attack (cold and hot water), concentration cell, dezincification, erosion and galvanic corrosion. Materials selection, system design and chemical treatment techniques are examined. The second article provides an analysis of water treatment techniques used sucessfully by water utilities or dwelling owners, including the addition of hydrating line, caustic soda, ash or a silicate to the distributed water.

Describes proper materials selection, system design and operations, correct workmanship practices and effective water treatment alternatives for mitigating corrosion concerns while satisfying the 1991 Lead-Copper Rule Amendment to the 1974 Safe Drinking Water Act. Reprint, Materials Performance, September 1996.

Describes North American and European standards covering tubes, fittings, solders, fluxes and guidelines for assembly of copper tube water systems and the low incidence of corrosion-related failures. Discusses responsibility of water purveyors to provide noncorrosive waters to their customers. Reprint, Proceedings of the 1994 Water Quality Technology Conference, November 1994.

The most up-to-date guide for specifying and installing copper tube for plumbing, heating, air conditioning and refrigeration. Shows soldering and brazing techniques.

The most up-to-date guide for specifying and installing copper tube for plumbing, heating, air conditioning and refrigeration. Shows soldering and brazing techniques.

Contains standards, references and specifications on copper and copper alloy piping system products and materials. Provides information on installation methods and procedures and minimum recommendations on pipe/tube fittings and joints for specific applications.

Show how to identify and mitigate corrosion of copper tube and fittings in domestic waters. The seven sources of corrosion are discussed: solder-flux-induced pitting attack, hydrogen-sulfide-induced pitting attack, erosion corrosion, cuprosolvency, concentration-cell corrosion, chemistry-related hot- and cold-water pitting. Reprint. BSE Boiler Systems Engineering, June 2005.

An article reprint from Medical Construction & Design September/October 2015 magazine. Healthcare facilities take great care to provide the purest possible inhalation gases like, oxygen, medical air, and nitrous oxide to name just a few. This article provides methods for delivering pure, odor-free gases.

Despite the fact that copper is regulated by the USEPA Lead and Copper Rule, its consumption is necessary for human health. The ingestion of lead, on the other hand, poses real, chronic health risks.

Lead was once the preferred material for water service line installations. Copper and other materials have since taken its place in new construction, as well as in routine replacement. Discover why copper is now the most widely used plumbing material in the developed world.

Copper has been the preferred material for underground water service lines for the past 50 years. Learn why municipalities continue to use copper and why many select this age-old metal for their lead service line replacement projects.

An analysis of the cost comparisons for replacing lead service lines is examined based on the life cycle cost and the total cost of ownership.